Remediation. In fact, the differential pressure required is surprisingly low. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . The magnitude of the pressure changes ... the ambient pressure differential can be monitored over the duration of an indoor air As identified above, vapor control technologies can include: 1. The USEPA defines SSD technology as "a system designed to achieve lower sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a fan-powered vent drawing air from beneath the slab." c. *4534K12 (McMaster-Carr) Flush mount-high pressure steel thread hex socket plug, ¼” pipe, PTFE coated, ¼” Hex, 13/32 length ... (differential between the indoor air and sub-slab ... EPA Method TO-15 to Support Vapor Intrusion Investigations. The graph clearly demonstrates that my radon mitigation system is producing a differential pressure of approximately -0.050 inches of water, which exceeds the minimum standard of -0.020 inches of water. What Pressures? outdoor sources of VOCs. The effect of pressure fluctuations on vapor intrusion rates was also investigated. Differential pressure is generally measured with a hand-held manometer. Mr. Cox has over 30 years of experience managing large environmental project implemented under CERCLA and state voluntary action programs. %PDF-1.5 %���� 8. However, many In the next article, I will review two of these potential drivers – temperature and barometric pressure? This is why vapor intrusion and radon mitigation can be accomplished through the use of sub-slab depressurization systems. Soil vapor Intrusion is an environmental exposure pathway, a way that people can come in contact with environmental contaminants. endstream endobj 358 0 obj <. This reduces the need for long-term indoor air These plots present the maximum and minimum cross-slab pressure differential (in inches of water) and barometric pressure for each 15-minute interval during the monitoring period. 2018; 28: 7– 31. https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21557. Recently, however, sensitive differential pressure sensors have become available as part of the “Internet of Things” (IOT) revolution. DoD Vapor Intrusion Handbook Fact Sheet Update No: 005 ... hot air inside a building rises, and causes positive pressure at the top and negative pressure at the bottom, which is referred to as the stack effect1. The cost of a sensor and a data hub is approximately $500. %%EOF Mr. Cox is a Certified Professional Geologist (CPG) with AIPG and is a Certified Professional (CP) under Ohio EPA’s Voluntary Action Program. 357 0 obj <> endobj Depressurization occurs when a negative pressure differential is extended below the installed membrane relative to the indoor air space above the membrane. Pressure differential monitoring can provide real-time, continuous readings more cost effectively than indoor air monitoring. Project Portfolio organizes multiple sites; It is not necessary to investigate a site for potential vapor intrusion risk in the order presented in this guidance. USEPA and others in the vapor intrusion field have been evaluating a variety of Indicators, Tracers, and Surrogates (ITS) to assess their use in predicting the best time to collect representative indoor air samples for vapor intrusion studies (Schuver, et. Resolve Vapor Intrusion “Mysteries” ... Additional site-specific measurements are available such as differential pressure and weather data; Secure, Real-Time, Web-Based Analytics . Active vapor mitigation systems involve creating a pressure differential between the indoor space and the soil below the surface, which prevents vapors from entering indoor air. June 2015 Assessing and Mitigating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway from Subsurface Vapor Sources to Indoor Air Chlorinated vapor intrusion indicators, tracers, and surrogates (ITS): Supplemental measurements for minimizing the number of chemical indoor air samples—Part 1: Vapor intrusion driving forces and related environmental factors. DoD Vapor Intrusion Handbook Fact Sheet Update No: 004 Date: August 2017 . Sampling vacuum should not exceed 100 inches of water. Discusses the conclusions that can be drawn about vapor intrusion from various combinations of measurements, including radon concentration, volatile constituent concentration, differential pressure across a slab, and air exchange rate. Determining the environmental health hazards from indoor air contamination in homes and commercial buildings is often difficult because of the dynamic nature of air and the need to estimate how much of the Measuring Pressure (Differential and Barometric) as a Vapor Intrusion (VI) Indicator . The idea is that if a predictive combination of easily obtainable, low cost ITS can be identified, they could be used to improve the collection of actionable analytical data at a lower cost. As you can see differential pressure responded very quickly after the system was turned off and again when it was turned back on. approach depicted in Figure 1 (the flowchart) for the evaluation of the vapor intrusion pathway. (Accessed 2009). 381 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<55F87095EDC4404E9453363A2AA5FC0E>]/Index[357 47]/Info 356 0 R/Length 120/Prev 343945/Root 358 0 R/Size 404/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream June 2015 . Addressing Petroleum Vapor Intrusion At Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites (EPA 510-R-15-001). • Differential pressure (ΔP)—Difference in pressure between two points in space (indoor/outdoor or indoor/subslab). These sensors can be connected to permanent sub-slab monitoring points, such as the Vapor Pin®, to collect and transmit differential pressure readings to the web at preset intervals. Mr. Cox is the inventor of the Vapor Pin® and has developed a variety of software products including Data Inspector, an internet-enabled environmental database application. Copyright © 2021 Cox-Colvin All rights reserved. The positive pressure differential between atmosphere and subsurface results in the advective transport of PCE from inside the building to below the slab, decreasing indoor air PCE concentrations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . However, what underlying factors cause the pressure differential. The typical pressure measurement unit is the Pascal (Pa). Executive Summary . Data housing and reporting plans through the website can be very inexpensive. &EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency /neerfng issue Indoor Air Vapor Intrusion Mitigation Approaches Table of Contents 1 PURPOSE 1 2 INTRODUCTION 1 2.1 Subject and Intended Audience 1 2.2 Overview of Contaminant Entry into Structures and Mitigation 3 2.3 Vapor Intrusion into Various Building Types 6 2.4 Quality Assurance Considerations 8 3 AVAILABLE ENGINEERED CONTROL … 403 0 obj <>stream FIGURE I SUB-SLAB PROBE CONSTRUCTION 1 ¼” HOLE CAP SLAB 1 Pa = 0.004 inches water column 1 inch of water column = 0.036 psi Special gauges are needed to measure such pressure differentials. Video interview: Refining vapour intrusion conceptual site models Our Editorial Director Ian Grant interviewed Laurie Chilcote and Craig Cox at Vapor Pin Enterprises, Inc. and Cox-Colvin and Associates, Inc., asking them about the Vapor Pin method of refining vapour intrusion conceptual site models ahead of their presentations at our digital event #BrownfieldSummit21. 0 Regardless of the vapor mitigation technique selected, IA sampling is a necessary LOE to A vapor mitigation system design has been developed for implementation within the target mitigation area capable of maintaining the PFE benchmark of > -.004-inches water column induced pressure differential throughout the sub-slab area of impact with reference to the indoor air environment. Vapor intrusion is a complex problem with multiple variables and often limited sampling measurements. EPA defines SSD technology as "a system designed to achieve lower sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a fan-powered vent drawing air from beneath the slab." Vapor Pin – 7750 Corporate Blvd., Plain City, Ohio 43064. In Ohio, the standard differential pressure for radon mitigation systems is only -0.020 inches of water. Measure or estimate indoor temperature (T. i), outdoor temperature (T. O), and differential temperature (ΔT) using the formula ΔT = T. i – T. O. Differential pressure is generally measured with a hand-held manometer. The higher pressure differential required Vapor Intrusion from TCE Plume, Endicott, NY • One of the largest vapor intrusion sites in the US • Nearly 1000 properties assessed over a 350 - acre TCE plume in groundwater • Implemented high quality technical methods that advanced the state of practice • Successful mitigation of … Differential pressure is a very powerful and easily obtainable indicator of conditions that drive vapor intrusion. Schuver, H, Lutes, C, Kurtz, J, Holton, C, Truesdale, RS. indicators, tracers, and surrogates for vapor intrusion (VI): temperature differentials between the outdoors and indoors, pressure differential between the indoor and sub-slab environment, moisture metrics (rainfall, soil moisture, water table, and snow and … Chapter 6, Vapor Intrusion Mitigation: Included language from the ground water remediation standards as it relates to vapor intrusion and an explanation of pressure differential readings. endstream endobj startxref Use of Building Pressure Cycling in Vapor Intrusion Assessment . The plan I have been using costs less than $40 per year. Vapor Intrusion Frequently Asked Questions. A three-dimensional vapor intrusion model was used to investigate the time required to reach steady-state vapor intrusion rates. If the pressure beneath the slab is greater than the indoor air space, there will be a tendency for sub-slab air to migrate into the indoor air space through advection. Where to Measure Indoor Temperature? They can also be used to set alarm point that will notify users of system faults or other unacceptable conditions. What Temperatures? VP-3 will be included in the vapor intrusion assessment data report. h�bbd```b``��+@$��ff��HF=��L��H�� ���~&�A$�3�����IF��`�A$wؖH)Pf��H��`5����)����e������ @� �js These sensors can be connected to permanent sub-slab monitoring points, such as the Vapor Pin®, to collect and transmit differential pressure, temperature, and barometric pressure readings to the web at … ... • Demonstrate that a negative pressure differential exists between the sub-slab and indoor air. Vapor Intrusion (VI) is defined in the Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Properties Rule (IRule) as the migration of volatile and semi-volatile chemicals from contaminated environmental media into a structure. Clarified the requirement to complete step-out sampling for vapor concern (VC) and immediate environmental concern (IEC) cases. VI can put occupants of homes and businesses at risk of Moreover, the cross-foundation sub-slab differential pressure was measured over the entire test interval, as was the indoor/outdoor different ial pressure (the pressure … The graph below plots a segment of the collected data (differential pressure measured in inches of water). Why Monitor Differential Pressure for Vapor Intrusion? The graph also indicates minimal day-to-day fluctuation with the system running over a period of approximately 10 days. I believe that over the next year or so, sensors like these will become common place and used by field crews to monitor conditions leading up to and throughout sub-slab and indoor air sampling campaigns. • Change in barometric pressure (ΔBP)—Pressure in the atmosphere (indoor and outdoor), change in BP over time In this article, I will focus on differential pressure. Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - ITRC-VI-ShortCourse-Nov2009.ppt Author: Juliana Created Date: 11/9/2009 5:16:57 PM For sites where the environmental release history is unknown, the stepwise approach should be most useful and effective. Recently, however, sensitive differential pressure sensors have become available as part of the “Internet of Things” (IOT) revolution. Differential pressure is a very powerful and easily obtainable indicator of conditions that drive vapor intrusion. At both VP-1 and VP-7, the maximum and minimum values were clustered near zero with approximately equal positive (greater pressure under the slab) and … designated as successful. Differential pressure is a useful indicator for a number of reasons and is “baked in the cake” when it comes to designing and assessing the performance and long-term monitoring of sub-slab depressurization systems. If you look at the bottom chart, you see the differential pressure, again, positive differential pressure in this case means that the subsurface has a higher pressure than indoors. US Patent # 9,291,531 B2, US 10,012,571, US 10,379,013, Published in the June 2020 VAPOR PIN® Newsletter. al., 2018). To test how fast the system responds to a system fault, I turned off the radon system for a period of approximately 24 hours. During periods of increasing barometric pressure at these sites, diffusion is the sole mechanism for intrusion of PCE vapors into the building. h�b```���"��@��(�����kaÄ8Ɨ��o$��Q� U"��W�$y��I��|K����� @�������Ht �j�f`�j�b@,6&�A�1������+�/����c�����N�tb"�"�s\@w�20x70�����b�+� ���l -��*���$��������2ƹ �2� The sensors connect wirelessly to a data hub that feeds data through the internet to a website. In the next article, I will review two of these potential drivers – temperature and barometric pressure? Purpose. The reverse situation should also occur if the pressure beneath the slab is less than the pressure of the indoor air space. This paper discusses various aspects of soil vapor intrusion, why it is a major concern and concludes with details on how horizontal remediation wells can be very effective and economical mitigation solution.. What Is Soil Vapor Intrusion?. So what we’re seeing here…next, please…is as the daily barometric pressure changes, you get a differential pressure and that results in the vapor intrusion. These results were obtained for a homogenous soil conceptual site model with groundwater located at 25 feet below ground surface. Pressure Testing (Radon, Mitigation, Differential pressure), Pressure Testing (Radon, Mitigation, Differential Pressure). Measuring Temperature as an Indicator for Vapor Intrusion (VI) Studies . Following its introduction in 2011, Vapor Pin® has become the global standard for vapour intrusion investigations, mitigation testing, source characterisation, active soil gas sampling, long-term monitoring and pressure testing. Vapor Intrusion: Pilot Test Report AND MITIGATING THE VAPOR INTRUSION PATHWAY FROM SUBSURFACE VAPOR SOURCES TO INDOOR AIR. SSD is widely considered the most practical and effective vapor intrusion mitigation strategy for existing structures. Extremely small pressure differences are significant in the evaluation of soil gas intrusion. Vapor Intrusion Guidance . They will also be used to collect and record the results of pressure field testing, whole building pressurization studies, long-term sub-slab depressurization system monitoring, and during high volume sub-slab sampling tests. For vapor intrusion assessments, typical indicators include seasons of the year, wind speed, the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures (differential temperature), barometric trends, and the difference between sub-slab and indoor air pressure (differential pressure). SSD is widely considered the most practical vapor intrusion mitigation strategy for existing and new structures. Overview SSD uses an electric fan to create a pressure gradient across the subgrade portion of the building to mitigate the potential for vapor intrusion from the subsurface into the building. This fact sheet relates to Sections 2.7, 2.8, 3.34, 3.5 and Appendix G of the DoD Vapor Intrusion Handbook. The differential pressure gauge should be located on the inlet side of the purge pump or inline when using a syringe so that the vacuum exerted on the subsurface can be accurately measured. Craig Cox is a principal and co-founder of Cox-Colvin & Associates, Inc., and holds degrees in geology and mineralogy from the Ohio State University and hydrogeology from the Colorado School of Mines. When baseline building differential pressure is neutral or positive, induction of a negative differential pressure can be used to evaluate the potential for vapor intrusion to occur during the winter heating season or under other conditions when natural negative building differential pressure may occur. For example, New Jersey’s Vapor Intrusion Guidance Document classifies a system as successful if a minimum pressure differential of 0.004" w.c. (one pascal) is maintained between the floor slab and the building interior.3 Massachusetts has a stated goal of 0.015” w.c.4 (almost four pascals) pressure differential. I have been experimenting with one of the sensors at my home, which has a radon mitigation system. Active systems are commonly installed at existing buildings. 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