There was a great amount of countrywide debt during his reign over Spain, including four different state bankruptcies. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. Apart from a daughter and a son most of his children predeceased him. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Philip II of Spain (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was, starting in 1556, king of Spain, and Burgundy, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and overseas Spanish America. Author of, Protestantism: The expansion of the Reformation in Europe. Elizabeth of France was the daughter of Henry II of France … Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife and niece Anna, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain.Philip III later married his cousin Margaret of Austria, sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.. His third wife, Elizabeth of Valois, bore him two daughters. Philip developed a system of regional self-government with viceroys answering to him and he ruled as an absolute monarch. Philip’s first marriage was to Maria of Portugal (1527–1545). After his reign in the Netherlands ended, Philip moved on to become the great king of Spain.Philip was described as an Absolute Monarch, but he had faced many constitutional constraints on his authority.As he practiced, Philip was often overruled by local assemblies, and had less power than that of local lords. The sack of Antwerp (November 4, 1576) by Spanish troops during the Eighty Years' War. for the character. Nat King Cole became the first African American performer to host a variety TV series in 1956. He served as king of the Spaniards from 1556 to 1598 and as king of the Portuguese (as Philip I) from 1580 to 1598. Oil on canvas, copy of an original by Titian , 78x108 cm. Philip II married four times and was four times a widower. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Spanish empire under Philip prospered: it attained its greatest power, extent, and influence. Philip II of Spain was the only son of Charles V, who was the King of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Charles de Coster's 1867 The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak,considered a masterpiece of nineteenth century Belgian literature, depicts the Dutch War of In… From time to time, the emperor wrote Philip secret memoranda, impressing on him the high duties to which God had called him and warning him against trusting any of his advisers too much. In short, highly readable chapters, the author examines Philip’s youth and education for his future role. In November 1543 he married his cousin, Maria of Portugal, who died at the birth of their son, Don Carlos, less than two years later. However, this was to be of brief duration, as his young wife died giving birth to her first child. Kamen finds that Philip was a cosmopolitan prince whose extensive experience of northern Europe broadened his cultural imagination and tastes, whose staunchly conservative ideas were far from being illiberal and fanatical, whose religious attitudes led him to accept a practical coexistence with Protestants and Jews, and whose support for Las Casas and other defenders of the Indians in America helped … Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Year 1527: Philip II of Spain was born in Valladolid on May 21st, 1527. Corrections? She died in 1545, giving birth to the ill-fated Don Carlos. He sought to limit the spread of Protestantism, and he ultimately completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella (the “Catholic Monarchs”) in the Iberian Peninsula. Philip had received the duchy of Milan from Charles V in 1540 and the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily in 1554 on the occasion of his marriage to Mary of England. It was slow and ineffective, prone to factionalism and infighting. Born at Valladolid, Spain, the son of Isabel of Portugal and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The schoolgirl version of the story is that Philip II of Spain, deadly foe of Elizabeth I of England, sent his huge Armada of ships to invade England and return it to the Catholic faith, only to be defeated by the plucky little English navy, whose courageous captains included Sir Francis Drake. In 1556 Charles resigned the kingdoms of Spain, the Spanish overseas empire, and the Franche-Comté to Philip. Philip II of Spain was a Taurus and was born in the G.I. The atmosphere of the Spanish court did much to poison the whole Spanish system of government, and this played no small part in causing the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648) and the rebellions of the Moriscos of Granada (1568–70) and the Aragonese (1591–92). King Philip II of Spain Timeline of Key Events. After living in the Netherlands in the early years of his reign,Phil Shortly afterward Philip also received the Franche-Comté. Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II «el Prudente»; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581 (as Philip I, Filipe I). Philip II is one of the greatest roles for bass in opera and Verdi composed one of his greatest arias, "Ella giammai m'amó!" Philip II was born on May 21, 1527, in Valladolid, Spain. All Spain stands ready to answer your prayers, devout King Philip II. He succeeded as the King Felipe II … Found in the collection of the Museo del Prado, Madrid. Browse 761 king philip ii of spain stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He was a lover of books and pictures, and Spain’s literary Golden Age began in his reign. Upon Philip’s death in 1598, his second son ascended the throne as Philip III. Philip was prepared to succeed Charles almost from birth. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. Omissions? Nothing is known of his order of work, but all his contemporaries agreed that his methods dangerously, and sometimes fatally, slowed down a system of government already notorious for its dilatoriness. Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. All work was done on paper, on the basis of consultas (that is, memoranda, reports, and advice presented him by his ministers). Philip II is a central character in Friedrich Schiller's play, Don Carlos, and Giuseppe Verdi's operatic adaption of the same. 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