(, Peter Snow "When Britain Burned the White House" 2012, burning and looting the capital of Upper Canada, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, 21st (Royal North British Fusilier) Regiment of Foot, destruction of the Parliament buildings and other public buildings. [39], The First U.S. Patent Office Building was saved by the efforts of William Thornton, the former Architect of the Capitol and then the Superintendent of Patents, who gained British cooperation to preserve it. Earlier, the British had filed complaints only about the "wanton destruction" along the Niagara region and Lake Erie. During the War of 1812, the British invaded … [31] James Madison's personal enslaved attendant, the fifteen-year-old boy Paul Jennings, was an eyewitness. [74] He immediately requested 60,000 feet of boards, 500 tons of stone, 1,000 barrels of lime, and brick. Following the defeat of American forces at the Battle of Bladensburg on August 24, 1814, a British and Canadian force led by Major General Robert Ross marched to Washington. One pair currently hangs in the House of Assembly of the Parliament of Bermuda, and the other in the Cabinet Building, both in the city of Hamilton. 1:40 p.m. The fort, later known as Fort McNair, had already been destroyed by the Americans, but 150 barrels of gunpowder remained. Capitol police order evacuation of Library of Congress, Madison Building and Cannon House Office Building on Independence Avenue across from the Capitol. This is the last time the Capitol was breached. A majestic building at the heart of the nation, the US Capitol was invaded by troops of an enemy nation more than 200 years ago. [52], The destruction of the Capitol, including the Senate House and the House of Representatives, the Arsenal, Dockyard, Treasury, War Office, President's mansion, bridge over the Potomac, a frigate and a sloop together with all Materiel was estimated at £365,000. Given the time of day, no one was injured in the blast, but damage was estimated at $300,000. The flames grew so quickly that the British were prevented from collecting enough wood to burn the stone walls completely. Last modified on Thu 7 Jan 2021 09.32 EST. Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada. The significance of what we were witnessing stood out more than anything I’ve ever covered in my career. When supporters of Donald Trump stormed into the US Capitol in Washington, it wasn't the first time this had happened. [28] A committee appointed by Congress to investigate the damage to the District concluded that it was cheaper to rebuild the already existing and damaged buildings than to build an entirely new one. Most contemporary American observers, including newspapers representing anti-war Federalists, condemned the destruction of the public buildings as needless vandalism. [55], In 2013, an episode of the Weather Channel documentary series When Weather Changed History, entitled "The Thunderstorm That Saved D.C.", was devoted to these events. During the War of 1812, the British invaded Washington, D.C. and were able to breach and burn down the U.S. Capitol building. Rear Admiral Cockburn accurately predicted that "within a short period of time, with enough force, we could easily have at our mercy the capital". Congressmen from the North pushed for relocation to Philadelphia or other prominent northern cities, while Southern congressmen claimed that moving the capital would degrade the American sense of dignity and strength (however, many Southern congressmen simply did not want to move the capital north of the Mason–Dixon line). To this date, it remains the only time since the American Revolutionary War that a foreign power has captured and occupied the capital of the United States. [32] After later buying his freedom from the widow Dolley Madison, Jennings published his memoir in 1865, considered the first from the White House: It has often been stated in print, that when Mrs. Madison escaped from the White House, she cut out from the frame the large portrait of Washington (now in one of the parlors there), and carried it off. The last time a large, violent group breached the Capitol was over 200 years ago during the War of 1812, when the British invaded Washington, DC.
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