[161] Concerns have been raised that the large uncompensated time commitment and disruption to their own research may discourage qualified scientists from participating. The full WGI report and its Technical Summary are not specifically directed at policy. It produces comprehensive assessments, reports on special topics, and methodologies. Review comments are in an open archive for at least five years. Over the six years studied, the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection, and the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection. The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. [121], Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson said, regarding the Himalayan glaciers estimation, "The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact. These reviews are generally supportive of AR4's conclusions. Important ratios were also observed in countries in CIS and the Middle East. The statement, also published as an editorial in the journal Science, stated "we support the [TAR's] conclusion that it is at least 90% certain that temperatures will continue to rise, with average global surface temperature projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 °C above 1990 levels by 2100". The United States Environmental Protection Agency and State Department wanted an international convention to agree restrictions on greenhouse gases, and the conservative Reagan Administration was concerned about unrestrained influence from independent scientists or from United Nations bodies including UNEP and the WMO. Methods. Co-Chairs: Priyadarshi R. Shukla and. Total CO2 emissions per capita decreased from 8.7 t in 1990 to 7.8 t in 2007, that is to say a decrease by 10%. "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia". For other uses, see, Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES), Special report on renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation (SRREN), Special Report on managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (SREX), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C (SR15), Special Report on climate change and land (SRCCL), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC), Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Projected date of melting of Himalayan glaciers, Lack of error correction after publication. [53] Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world's governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence. [97], The finished report summarizes the findings of scientists, showing that maintaining a temperature rise to below 1.5 °C remains possible, but only through "rapid and far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban and infrastructure..., and industrial systems". This methodology is used, in the U.S.A., by the, WTW-LCA hybrid methods, trying to fill in the gap between the WTW and LCA methods. "IPCC" redirects here. The most prominently publicized criticism of SRES focused on the fact that all but one of the participating models compared gross domestic product (GDP) across regions using market exchange rates (MER), instead of the more correct purchasing-power parity (PPP) approach. "Some planned adaptation (of human activities) is occurring now; more extensive adaptation is required to reduce vulnerability to climate change". Government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and Vice-Chairs, who are also of! 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