EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 77 West Jackson Boulevard Chicago, Illinois 60604 EPA 905-F-00-028 August 2000 TECHNICAL FACT SHEET FOR I Cadmium is one of the PBT chemicals identified as a priority. per µg/m3 Cd. ... CADMIUM OXIDE, PIGMENTS, AND STABILIZERS) .....4-27 4-11 CADMIUM COMPOUND MANUFACTURERS (OTHER THAN CADMIUM Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback or report a problem. Seven studies in rats and mice wherein cadmium salts (acetate, sulfate, chloride) were administered orally have shown no evidence of carcinogenic response. Tumor type(s): Lung, trachea, bronchus cancer deaths (Thun et al., 1985), Mar 1999: Not assessed under the IRIS Program. x 10-3 What is cadmium used for? Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Epichlorohydrin. Cadmium 7440-43-9 Oral Reference Dose: 0.0005 Oral Slope Factor: Carcinogen Group: Basis: IRIS (RfD for water) Slope Factor: Ground water Soil Surface water Basis: IRIS(RfD for food) Basis: IRIS Oral Reference Dose: Oral Slope Factor: Carcinogen Group Reference Dose: 0.001 Carcinogen Group: Drinking water Oral Slope Factor: Basis: Oral Reference Dose: Oral Inhalation FEDERAL Tumor site(s): Respiratory Technical information for cadmium CAS Number: 7440-43-9 Chemical Formula: Cd Carcinogenicity (EPA): B1–Probable human carcinogen. x 10, NOAEL Technical Fact Sheet for Cadmium. The EPA does not endorse any commercial products, services, or enterprises. EPA has classified cadmium as a Group B1, probable human carcinogen. The cadmium by-product Facilities reporting to TRI were required to submit their data to EPA by July 1 for the previous calendar year's activities. Extrapolation Method: Weight of Evidence for Cancer (PDF) (13 pp, 118 K) B1 (Probable human carcinogen - based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986) Basis: Limited evidence from occupational epidemiologic studies of cadmium is consistent across investigators and study populations. Cadmium is a heavy-metal trace element which is used in a number of industrial processes, and has been associated with both occupational and non-occupational toxicity. 1.8E-3 IRIS, 1992 IURF details bronchus cancer Potency is based on EPA IRIS's assessment of Thun et al 1985 epidemiology study. Technical Reviews. U.S. EPA IRIS Substance file - Cadmium; CASRN 7440-43-9 Page 2 of 11 I. It is a highly toxic carcinogenic that is harmful to most of the body’s systems, especially to the lungs, bones, and kidneys. U.S. Department of Health and . This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. Limited evidence from occupational epidemiologic studies of cadmium is consistent across investigators and study populations. Additional EPA toxicity information may be available by visiting the following sites: Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF), Reference Concentration for Inhalation Exposure (RfC) (PDF), Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure (PDF), Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure (PDF), IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) (Report), Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP), Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Chemical Search, NOAEL Cadmium Unknown: EPCRA 313 Cadmium Unknown: Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge Cadmium Unknown: 40 CFR 61: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Cadmium Unknown: EG Part 442 Cadmium Valid: SDWA NPDWR Cadmium Valid: EG Part 437 Cadmium The calendar events below describe the topic of the meeting, attendees present (including EPA staff), and any materials provided to EPA. CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENTS FOR NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS _LA. Cadmium doesn’t have a distinct taste or smell. Reference Concentration for Inhalation Exposure (RfC) (PDF) (13 pp, 118 K) Limited evidence from occupational epidemiologic studies of cadmium is consistent across investigators and study populations. New EPA Regulations on Cadmium Target Manufacturers and Importers of Consumer Products; Retail Distributors to be Targeted Next. (13 pp, 118 K) Office of Research and Development. Increases in lung, tracheal, following occupational exposure. cadmium sulfide (a mixture of cadmium and sulfur) are commonly found in the environment. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986) ... Nov 2012: IRIS Toxicological Review for Inorganic Arsenic (Scoping and Problem Formulation Materials, 2012) (Report) Feb 2010: IRIS Toxicological Review of Inorganic Arsenic (Cancer) (External Review Draft, 2010) (Report) Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF) (13 pp, 118 K) Cadmium Unknown: EG Part 444 Cadmium Valid: Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes and Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Cadmium Unknown: EG Part 437 Cadmium Valid: RCRA Appendix VII Cadmium Valid: 05/19/1980: Water Quality Standards Cadmium Valid Cadmium is released into the environment through mining and metal processing operations, burning fuels, making and using … EPA requires water suppliers to limit the cadmium concentration in water to <5 µg/L. The greatest use of cadmium is primarily for metal plating and coating operations, including transportation equipment, machinery and baking enamels, photography, television phosphors. Cadmium is found in cadmium fumes (CdO) and cadmium compounds. Tests are available that can show cadmium in blood, urine, hair or nails. MCL (Drinking Water): 5 parts per billion (ppb) OSHA Standards: 5 micrograms Cadmium per cubic meter (5 g/m3) as Cadmium fumes and 5 g You will need Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. Human Services Public Health S. ervice Cadmium . Not assessed under the IRIS Program. Reference Concentration for Inhalation Exposure (RfC) (PDF) : Any mention of trade names, products, or services does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This Information Bulletin describes some of the known and suspected health hazards of cadmium and what EPA and others are doing to reduce the risks associated with cadmium exposure. Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF) Two stage; only first affected by exposure; extra risk Last Updated: 03/31/1987, Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure (PDF) (13 pp, 118 K), Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure (PDF) (13 pp, 118 K), Inhalation Unit Risk: Two stage; only first affected by exposure; extra risk States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Last Updated: 10/01/1989. Tumor site(s): Respiratory Cadmium compounds (as Cd) A2 j EPA Carcinogenicity classification IRIS 2012 Cadmium Group B1 k Inhalation unit risk Cadmium 1.8x10-3 per μg/m 3 RfC Cadmium No data RfD Cadmium Food 1x10-3 mg/kg-day Water 5x10-4 mg/kg-day RCRA waste minimization PBT priority chemical list EPA 1998 63 FR 60332 Cadmium Yes For more information about the substance, you may click one of the links below to take you to the relevant section: Program and regulatory information about this substance, including links to EPA applications/systems, statues/regulations, or other sources that track or regulate this substance The range of Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback or report a problem. CADMIUM and compounds: EPA HAP Category: CADMIUM COMPOUNDS : EPA HAP Group Category: EPA NEI Pollutant Code: 543908: EPA SRS ID: 52654 Web: EPA ATW FACT SHEET: Web: EPA NEI COMPOUND ID: E649954: EPA Banned Substance: NO: EPCRA 313 PBT: EPA Urban HAP: NO: InChi Key: LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L WEB 1.8 EPA has initiated a reassessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to cadmium. Average cadmium concentration in agricultural soils is 0.27 mg/kg. Seven studies in rats and mice wherein cadmium salts (acetate, sulfate, chloride) were administered orally have shown no evidence of carcinogenic response. REFERENCE DOSE FOR CHRONIC ORAL EXPOSURE (RID) Substance Name -- Cadmium CASRN -- 7440-43-9 Last Revised -- 02/01/1994 The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist EPA/600/x-85/400. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Listed on HEAST but withdrawn from IRIS, f. The oral RfD is being reconsidered by the RfD Workgroup, g. 0.0005 mg/kg/day cadmium for water; 0.001 mg/kg/day for food (HEAST). Environmental Protection Agency. Cadmium is a non-essential metal with no biological function in aquatic animals. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Source: AQD/EPA Entry date: 6/4/1992 Tier 1 Source: IRIS: Basis: Tier 1 IURF is the only available information. 2.0 CALCULATION OF A RISK-BASED CLEAN-UP LEVEL FOR CADMIUM IN RESIDENTIAL SOIL Calculation of a risk-based clean-up level (RBCL) for cadmium in soil is dependent on a number IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) (Report). ToxGuideTM. Cadmium has been included in the recent carcinogen list of the Carcinogen Assessment Group of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). : x 10, B1 (Probable human carcinogen - based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans), Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986). 1.8 x 10 -3 per µg/m3 Additional EPA toxicity information may be available by visiting the following sites: Reference Dose for Oral Exposure (RfD) (PDF), Reference Concentration for Inhalation Exposure (RfC) (PDF), Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure (PDF), Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure (PDF), Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP), Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Chemical Search, IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) (Report), B1 (Probable human carcinogen - based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans), Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986). [IARC], 1997), and a probable carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 1992). for. What is Cadmium and how is it used? United States Environmental Protection Agency. Dec.13.2012. Dec 15, 2020: Stakeholder Meeting: Chloroprene Last Updated: 10/01/1989. In addition to acute effects such as mortality, chronic exposure to cadmium can lead to adverse effects on growth, reproduction, immune and endocrine systems, development, and behavior in aquatic organisms. Tumor type(s): Lung, trachea, bronchus cancer deaths (13 pp, 118 K) Cadmium is a metal found in natural deposits as ores containing other elements. See EPA’s PDF page to learn more. See EPA's PDF page to learn more. Because cadmium has some properties that are similar to lead, cadmium could be used as a substitute for lead in products. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. CAS# 7440-43-9. 2.U.S. residential soil utilizing standard published EPA toxicity factors from IRIS (EPA, 1994) and methodologies from the Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (1989b, 1991). Weight of Evidence for Cancer (PDF) Most cadmium used in this country is obtained as a by-product (formed while making something else) from smelting (melting) zinc, lead, or copper ores. You will need Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. b. Water of cadmium in ocean water is between <5 and 110 ng/L. 2016 Aquatic Life Criteria for Cadmium Additional Metadata. IRIS Summary Tox Review/Supporting Document Literature Screening Review Critical Effect Systems Tumor Site Pesticide Archive; 1: Acenaphthene: 83-32-9: Nov-01-1990 (PDF 7 pp, 89 K) Not Available No: Hepatic None 2: Acenaphthylene: 208-96-8: Jan-01-1991 TRI Explorer is using an updated 2019 data set (released to the public in October 2020). Each IRIS assessment can cover a chemical, a … EPA’s IRIS Program supports this mission by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals found in the environment. EPA’s mission is to protect human health and the environment. There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice by inhalation and intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Therefore, EPA developed the MCLG for cadmium based on the RfD of 0.0005 mg/kg/day. the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (Thun et al., 1985), Mar 1999: IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) (Report). 5 This IRIS assessment for Cadmium consists of hazard identification and dose-response assessment data and provides support for EPA risk management decisions. There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice by inhalation and intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 Prepared by: Midwest Research Institute 401 Harrison Oaks Boulevard, Suite 350 Cary, North Carolina 27513. After the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (13 pp, 118 K) Workers may be harmed from exposure to cadmium. NCEA, IRIS Basis: Applying the criteria for evaluating the overall weight-of-evidence for carcinogenicity to humans outlined in EPA's guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986), trivalent chromium is most appropriately designated a Group D -- Not classified as to its human carcinogenicity. The following is a list of links to face-to-face meetings requested by members of the public with the IRIS Program. Soil – EPA biosolids rule states that the ceiling for the amount of cadmium that can be applied to land is 85 mg/kg fill material (NTP 2004). Cadmium is listed as one of 33 hazardous air pollutants that present the greatest threat to public health in urban areas (ATSDR 1999). 1 Last Updated: 03/31/1987, Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure (PDF) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment 1 Cadmium; CASRN 7440-43-9 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data, as outlined in the (13 pp, 118 K), Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure (PDF) (13 pp, 118 K), Inhalation Unit Risk: Cadmium metal (Cd) is a silver-white solid, tinged with blue. Extrapolation Method: Note: Reporting year (RY) 2019 is the most recent TRI data year available. Environmental levels of cadmium have been increasing from smelting, cement production, and combustion of fossil fuels. 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