Match. In the defense, weapon positions must be both lethal to the enemy and survivable to the Soldier. The leader must realistically and unemotionally determine all available resources and new limitations based on level of training or recent fighting. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the. In short, he strives to determine where, when, and how his unit's combat power (the effects of maneuver, firepower, protection, leadership, and information) can overwhelm the enemy's ability to generate combat power. Tactical considerations in analyzing key terrain. If a solution does not exist, the leader must develop one. How do I get him to go there? The sequence can vary. Conclusions include at least the following : Obstacles Or, they might have to move much more slowly than they would like. A-92. Finally, given the scale with which the leader often develops his situation template, on a 1:50,000 maps, the situation template should be transferred to a graphic depiction of terrain for briefing purposes, as the situation allows. Implied tasks are those being performed to accomplish a specified task, but that are not stated in a higher headquarters order. Most missions and tasks can be accomplished in more than one way. Forward area arming and refueling points. For shaping operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which shapes the decisive operation. COA Statement and Sketch - LegitWriting The mission is always the first factor leaders consider and most basic question: What have I been told to do, and why? Complete. War gaming is the process of determining "what if?" Defensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire. Using this technique, they would, but need not, analyze mission first; followed by terrain and weather; enemy; troops and support available; time available; and finally civil considerations. The impact on civilians. Mission analysis answers the four questions of the leader's visualization: The following video explains step 3 of the Troop Leading Procedures. To identify friendly coordination requirements. He conducts mission analysis to help him start developing his vision, and to confirm what he must do to accomplish his mission. This 3-page document outlines an individual's education and training, their appointments and positions, and other . A-44. Assign Responsibilities Leaders also answer these questions: A-84. He also may make sound assumptions about the enemy, human nature, and local culture. The COA covers the operational factors of who, what, when, where, and how, and must show from start to finish how the unit will accomplish the mission. This is a demo of how to draw a COA Sketch as part of COADEV (Course of Action Development) for use briefing your Operations Order (OPORD) for MS200. A-113. Template events and analyze them for their political, economic, psychological, environmental, and legal implications. Air density decreases as temperature and humidity increase. EEFI are the critical aspects of a friendly operation if known by the enemy, that subsequently would compromise or lead to failure of the operation. . How do civilian considerations affect the operation? The next day, we were then able to make it back to our home base, but not without encountering a slight amount of bad weather along the way. A-78. Visualizing a valid decisive point is how the leader determines how to achieve success and accomplish his purpose. Defensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: Where does the enemy want to go? He also determines the sustainment aspects of the COA. We decided to return to the airfield at that point because once we passed the light source, we wouldn't be able to see much of anything. Purposes of critical warfighting functions elements. How can I take advantage of the limited illumination? This reconnaissance helps him to see the ground objectively and to see how it will affect both forces: A-54. A-112. What (the unit's essential task and type of operation). It was only then that I was able to look outside again. They must clearly understand their immediate higher up intent from the OPORD. COA Statement and Sketch. Will wind speed cause obscurants to dissipate quickly? Not only does it facilitate planning, but it also aids in briefing subordinates. CCIRs also helps focus the efforts of subordinates and aids in the allocation of resources. Do not discuss this assignment or your answers with anyone other than a Department of Distance Education (DDE) instructor or your academic advisor Existing obstacles, man-made include towns; canals; railroad embankments; buildings; power lines; telephone lines. From the modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) developed by higher headquarters, leaders already appreciate the general nature of the ground and effects of weather. A valid decisive point enables the leader to clearly and logically link how the application of combat power elements with respect to terrain, enemy, and time allows the unit to accomplish its purpose. The leader also determines the capabilities of the next higher enemy element. How can precipitation (or lack of it) add to the unit achieving surprise? The fifth mission variable of METT-TC is time available. For each COA, the leader thinks through the operation from start to finish. The two flight crews met at the TOC for the mission briefing. How will precipitation (or lack of it) affect the mobility of the unit or of enemy forces? If the benefits of performing the mission do not significantly outweigh the inherent risks of marginal/borderline weather, the flight should be a no-go or implement alternate transportation to accomplish the mission safely. The operations purpose usually matches or achieves the purpose of the immediate higher headquarters. Areas These campaigns include infrastructure rebuild projects, creation of labor opportunities, and education. A description of the weather we had encountered earlier added credence to our discussions with the battle captain. It is beneficial for flight crews to know the area's weather trends. Key Term coa statement and sketch example; Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. (a) The decisive point method employs the following steps: Determine the decisive point and the results to be achieved there. How can friendly and enemy forces use the available cover and concealment? For example, fratricide is a hazard categorized as an accident risk; surface danger zones and risk estimate distance are used to identify the controls, such as TRP and phase lines, to reduce this accidental risk. Recommended enemy situation template items. As a result, he changed his report to three-quarters of a mile visibility. (Refer to ATP 2-01.3 for more information.). To identify additional control requirements. He makes the final selection of a COA based on his own judgment, the start time of the operation, the area of operation, the scheme of maneuver, and subordinate unit tasks and purposes. 4 Q Designating a decisive point is critical to the leader's vision of how he will use combat power to achieve the purpose, how he will task-organize his unit and how his shaping operations will support the decisive operation, and how the decisive operation will accomplish the unit's purpose. Where are the natural target registration points? This fact forces leaders to determine how to get assistance when the situation exceeds their capabilities. Echeloning and identifying of enemy observation and indirect fires. War gaming helps the leader fully synchronize friendly actions, while considering the likely reactions of the enemy. Ethnic dynamics include religion, cultural mores, gender roles, customs, superstitions, and values certain ethnic groups hold dear which differ from other groups. Even if it offers clear observation and fields of fire, it offers nothing if the enemy can easily bypass it, or if the selected course of action involves maneuver on a different avenue of approach. Asset locations such as enemy command posts or ammunition caches. Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target-acquisition positions. Distinguishable. A-104. If the information is available, he determines the echelon force where the enemy originated. Leaders identify existing (inherent to terrain and either natural or man-made) and reinforcing (tactical or protective) obstacles limiting mobility in his area of operation. You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have . Seize, destroy, and neutralize are examples of tasks associated with an offensive operation. COA Statement and Sketch - BestAcademicExperts.com Instructions: The C634 course of action statement and sketch (COA S&S) is worth 20% of the overall C600 grade. Know who is in charge and who can influence and enable unit leaders to exercise governance and monitor security within a prescribed area. Where will the enemy be unable to concentrate fires? How does the operation affect the civilians? He analyzes the area surrounding key terrain, objectives,engagement area, and obstacles. Some missions require a second briefing or the completion of another risk assessment. What is the location of current and probable enemy positions? Prepare COA Statements and Sketches Conduct a Course of Action Briefing. The COA statement specifies how the unit will accomplish the mission. Commanders and staff officers who make link-diagrams of leadership including religious, political, and criminal personnel allow focused planning and decentralized execution which bolsters legitimacy within the population. The length of crossover time depends on air temperature, soil and vegetation types, amount of cloud cover, and other factors. Area of interest. Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. SELECT HERE, By CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2 DWAINE L. ESCH, C Company, 2nd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Hood, Texas. (DRAW-D [defends, reinforce, attack, withdraw, or delay]). b. They try to keep their span of control between two to five subordinate elements. A-102. AGADAP Example Walk-through Part 3:. What are all likely enemy avenues into my area of operations? Will wind speed and direction affect the employment of available mortars? Relying on the technology rather than my senses, I transitioned inside to the instruments and noticed our nose starting to rise and our airspeed slowing. A-109. The concept of the operation describes the relationships between activities, events, and tasks, and explains how the tasks will lead to accomplishing the mission. (b) A COA COA stmts and sketches. In analyzing fields of fire, he considers the friendly and enemy potential to cover avenues of approach and key terrain, in particular, with direct fires. The area of interest includes threat forces or other elements characterizing the operational environment and greatly influencing the accomplishment of the mission. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. What are the capabilities of his weapons? This is not for analysis, but to show subordinates the details of the anticipated enemy COA. The leader must avoid unnecessary complicated mission command structures and maintain unit integrity where feasible. The need for control measures, such as checkpoints, contact points, and target registration points, aid in control, flexibility, and synchronization. A-41. Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. A leader must convey to his subordinates the importance of these deductions, and effect they will have on the units operations. Sustainment Mission Command Threat COA's - Sketch PLT Concept (i.e. A sketch typically includes symbols of friendly and enemy units, assembly. 2. Enemy Course of Action Development. - Free Online Library A-23. Finally, he must update previous timelines for his subordinates, listing all events affecting the platoon and its subordinate elements. What additional assets are required to accomplish the mission? Perhaps the most critical aspect of mission analysis is determining the combat potential of ones own force. Cloud Cover Categories of terrain, severely restricted terrain which severely hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility. We boarded our aircraft, started the engines and positioned ourselves at the passenger terminal to pick up our first passengers for the evening. In general, terrain and weather do not favor one side over the other unless one is better prepared to operate in the environment or is more familiar with it. It allows the platoon and squads to move with little hindrance. Once he briefs the enemy analysis to his subordinates, he must ensure they understand differences between what he knows, what he suspects, and what he just templates (estimates). Temperature crossovers, which occur when target and background temperatures are nearly equal, degrade thermal target acquisition systems. Engineer forces might be needed to improve mobility or platoon and squads might have to deviate from doctrinal tactics. They must know their areas of operation and areas of interest: Prioritization of Terrain Analysis Scenario Blueprint Examples. Time analysis is often the first thing a leader does. In effect, such a sketch and statement comprise a set of high-level actions, goals, and sequencing, referring largely to movements and objectives of the friendly forces, e.g., "Task Force Arrow. Leaders must know more than just the number and types of vehicles, Soldiers, and weapons the enemy has. He must not take these as facts. In addition, consider how historical, cultural, and social factors shape public perceptions beliefs, goals, and expectations. If the leader has developed more than one COA, he must compare them by weighing the specific advantages, disadvantages, strengths, and weaknesses of each as noted during the war game. A-89. Identify number of units needed and operational. Array initial forces. A-29. R&S assets and, most importantly, his and his higher headquarters pattern analysis and deductions about the enemy in his AO. Leaders use tactical mission task graphics and control measures (Refer to ADRP 1-02 for more information.) Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. The leader must identify risks based on the results of his mission analysis. Capabilities can refer to the ability of local authorities to provide essential functions and services. Visibility He analyzes if vegetation will affect the employment or trajectory of the Javelin, or 60-mm mortars. Another example of essential terrain for a platoon and squad in the attack is high ground overlooking the enemy's reverse-slope defense. He made an informed decision to put the crews on standby in case the weather lifted. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. Course of Action Statement/Sketch - Study Research Papers It can do this by masking the target or by reducing overhead clearance. PPT - Course of Action Development (MDMP) PowerPoint Presentation, free The population within a prescribed area of operation comprises several different groups, both ethnically and politically. OAKOC Existing obstacles, natural include rivers; forests; mountains; ravines; gaps and ditches more than three meters wide; tree stumps and large rocks more than 18 inches high; forests with trees eight inches or more in diameter, with less than four meters between trees. In doctrinal terms, he asksIs the enemy oriented on the terrain, example, a reconnaissance force, his own force (assault force, terrorists, or insurgent forces), civilian forces or critical infrastructure (terrorist or insurgent forces, sabotage), or other supporting or adjacent friendly forces (as in a disruption zone)? Analyze how vital civilian areas affect the missions of respective forces and how military operations affect these areas. Write your commanders intent to address key tasks or conditions that must be met to achieve the stated purpose and end state. Our pilot report, along with others, gave the forecaster more information to augment his observation. Starting with a baseline pattern and keeping a mission analysis on how the population is responding or have responded in the past under similar circumstances will assist leaders in using patterns to the unit's advantage. The battle captain instructed us to at least attempt to fly to our first stop. One technique is to use the warfighting functions as a checklist to address every significant element the enemy brings to the fight. This assessment is largely subjective. If he has no mutually supporting mobility corridors, then a single mobility corridor might become an avenue of approach. Beginning with the decisive point identified during mission analysis, the leader identifies the decisive operation's purpose and purposes of his shaping and sustaining operations. A-56. For example, they might have to move in columns rather than in lines. The upwind force usually has better visibility. A-24. The leader must consider two kinds of risk: tactical and accident. -Tasks and purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. What lateral routes could the enemy use to threaten our flanks? The object is to determine what can go wrong and what decision the leader likely will have to make as a result. They decide where their forces can deploy into attack formations that facilitate the initial contact and still provide freedom of action for the bulk of their forces. The first three steps of COA development provide the bulk of the COA statement. What are the strengths and weaknesses of subordinate leaders? PDF Chapter 3 MILITARY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS (MDMP) How will cloud cover affect unit operations at night? PIR are best expressed in a question being answered yes or no. A-59. I could barely see the ground. 7. When (this is the time given in the company OPORD). A COA describes how the unit might generate the effects of overwhelming combat power against the enemy at the decisive point with the least friendly casualties. Feasible. Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. A situation template is a visual illustration of how the enemy force might look and act without the effects of weather and terrain. The leader develops his entire COA from the decisive point. The unit's decisive operation always focuses at the decisive point, and always accomplishes the unit's purpose. A-122. The leader identifies critical factors such as type, amount, and duration of precipitation. How will the terrain affect the employment of mortars, medium machine guns, and Javelin missiles? Events These can include areas needed after combat operations and contracted resources and services. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. Course of Action Statement and Sketch Flashcards | Quizlet | GTA 07-10-003 In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. Leaders must continually improve their situational understanding This includes troops who are either attached to or in direct support of his unit. Research the weather reports and gain the knowledge you need. It also includes understanding the full array of assets in support of the unit. Coa statement and sketch example #991# - Carol Romine You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have completed the C600 block of instruction and the C634 MDMP Exam. How will cloud cover affect the target acquisition of the command launch unit? ODIN - OE Data Integration Network These two products are the basis for paragraph 3 of the OPORD. Determine the purposes to be achieved by the main and supporting. For example, if a battalion situation template identifies a platoon-size enemy element on the company's objective and squad-size enemy elements on the platoons objective, the leader, using his knowledge of both the enemy's doctrine and terrain, develops a situation template positioning squad-size battle positions, crew-served weapons positions, or defensive trenches. Course of Action Statement and Sketch Flashcards | Quizlet Whether it is set times for prayer, shopping or commuting, people follow patterns. A-43. After identifying these avenues, the leader evaluates each and determines its importance. Also, they identify the tasks, purposes, and dispositions for all adjacent maneuver elements under headquarters control. Examples of critical events that can be identified in advance for a defensive operation are reward passage of counter reconnaissance forces, commitment of the reserve, displacement of forces,. FRAGORDs. Where do I position indirect fire observers? What terrain is important to the enemy and why? It also should give subordinates the maximum latitude for initiative. It succinctly describes the enemy's aim, means, and approach to achieving its end state. Leaders must understand assumption the battalion (S-2 uses to portray the enemy's COA. Next, the leader analyzes relative combat power, generates options, arrays his forces, develops a CONOP, assigns responsibility, and prepares a COA statement and sketch. He begins TLP Step 3 after he issues his own WARNORD, and after he has received companys third WARNORD, or until he has enough information to proceed. From this analysis, he might be able to determine patterns in the enemy's employment or troops and equipment. Leaders conclude their mission analyses by restating their missions. For example, a breach requires an assault element, support element, breach element, security element, and possibly a reserve. They also must understand leaders' intent (two levels up). The unit has the technical and tactical skills and resources to accomplish the COA, with available time, space, and resources. Commanders should limit their CCIRs to essential information. Areas of operation. Using the targeting methodology of D3A (decide, detect, deliver, and assess) may prove useful in determining whether a leader or influencer would best facilitate an operation, when to engage them, and what to expect. I expressed my concern and some uneasiness about the situation because our crews had been caught in dust before and knew the consequences. How will temperature and humidity affect the Soldiers and equipment? The S-3 informed us where friendly forces were in our area, while the S-2 filled us in on where the action was in our battle space. ;" "Reconnoiter route BLUE;" "Assist the forward passage of 1st platoon, B Company." Little effort is needed to enhance mobility, but units might have to zigzag or make frequent detours. However, the weather forecaster at our station did not agree with that assessment. Composition Where can I support the movement of a friendly force with mortar, medium machine gun, or Javelin? Given more time, they might analyze the remainder of their platoons area of operation and area of interest. How will existing obstacles and restricted terrain affect the enemy? What lateral routes could we use to shift to other axes, and which could the enemy use to threaten our flanks? Heavy cloud cover can degrade many target acquisition systems, IR guided munitions, and general aviation operations. In the end, the usefulness of mission analysis lies in recognizing and capitalizing on opportunities. The essential task is the mission taskit accomplishes the assigned purpose. Sustaining operation purposes relate directly to those of the decisive and shaping operations. ", A-33. The purpose of this step is to compare the combat power of friendly and enemy forces. Differences between the situation templates must be resolved before the leader can continue analyzing the enemy. FM 7-30: The Infantry Brigade - Appendix I - GlobalSecurity.org Identify friendly strengths to exploit the enemy weakness. A-60. An intervisibility line analysis enables the leader to visualize the profile view of terrain when only a topographic product (map) is provided. The shaping operations purposes are nested to the decisive operation's purpose by setting the conditions for success of the decisive operation. At small-unit level, the enemy's most probable COA is what the enemy is most likely to do. Analyzing the unit's current location in relation to future The CCIRs identify and filter information needed by leaders to support their vision and to make critical decisions, especially to determine or validate COA. An area of interest is a geographical area, usually larger than the leader's area of operation. Then, they determine how those fit into their superiors concepts of the operation. A-26. We informed the battle captain of our weather forecaster's concerns of flying the mission. COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet They must determine how the terrain and weather will affect the enemy and their units. A-64. Sometime before sunset, I headed out to preflight the aircraft. At company level and below, leaders develop a graphic terrain analysis overlay. How can the enemy use each avenue of approach? The COA must address the doctrinal aspects of the mission. Wind always is described as "fromto" as in "winds are from the east moving to the west." He determines how the weather will affect the visibility, mobility, and survivability of his unit and that of the enemy. A-50. They influence and interact with the populace, force, and each other. Immediate higher headquarters (one level up) mission, intent, and concept. They must understand why their leaders one level up assigned their unit's particular purposes. Windblown sand, dust, rain, or snow can reduce the effectiveness of radar and other communication systems. How will cloud cover affect helicopter and close air support? The relative-force ratio is a correlation of friendly combat power and. They maintain understanding of subordinates readiness, including maintenance, training, strengths and weaknesses, leaders, and logistic status. Why (the units purpose, taken from the companies concept of the operation). Form of maneuver or type of defensive mission. A-31. This understanding makes it possible to exercise disciplined initiative. We discussed the weather conditions and decided to keep an eye on it. Risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards allowing a leader to implement measures to control hazards. It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA development, rather than an observation: A-48. This is why the leader must develop a tactically sound and flexible plan. Extremes of temperature and humidity reduce personnel and equipment capabilities and may require the use of special shelter or equipment. Analysis of troops follows the same logic as analyzing the enemy by identifying capabilities, vulnerabilities and strengths. A-42. Definition. 8. If he has developed more than one COA, he applies this same analysis to each COA developed. Assumptions Poorly developed road systems may hamper logistical or rear area movement. The goal of this step, generating options, is to determine one or more of those ways quickly. A COA sketch developed in one of several COA-editing tools that have Identify the essential communicators and formal and informal processes used to influence people.
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