REST-style path parameters. Native data types mean that you can insert them into a script without having to worry about enclosing them in strings and then having to escape double-quotes all over the place. Important: do not use the @RunWith(Karate.class) annotation. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. } Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Theres also a cross-platform stand-alone executable for teams not comfortable with Java. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. """, # yaml from a file (the extension matters), and the data-type of 'bar' would be JSON, """ Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. You can optionally pass in variable values or over-ride config via a HashMap or leave the second-last argument as null. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. If you place it above the Feature keyword, it will apply to all Scenario-s. And if you just want one or two Scenario-s to NOT run in parallel, you can place this tag above only those Scenario-s. See example. The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. Just ensure that this is configured before you use karate.callSingle(): By default Karate will use target (or build) as the cache folder, which you can over-ride by adding a dir key: This caching behavior will work only if the result of karate.callSingle() is a JSON-like object, and any JS functions or Java objects mixed in will be lost. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The JavaScript interpreter will try to convert types across Java and JavaScript as smartly as possible. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ Even Java interop and access to the karate JS API would work. You use the listen keyword (with a timeout) to wait until that event occurs. How to call one scenario from another scenario in Karate API Automation 'name is Bob and age is 5', # the single cell can be any valid karate expression, * def generator = function(i){ if (i == 20) return null; return { name, Keywords that set multiple key-value pairs in one step, Managing Headers, SSL, Timeouts and HTTP Proxy, Matching Sub-Sets of JSON Keys and Arrays, mix Karate into Java projects or legacy UI-automation suites, Karate entered the ThoughtWorks Tech Radar, 7 New Features in Karate Test Automation Version 1.0, nested chunks of JSON that name-space your config variables, alternate way of calling JavaScript functions, exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG, do not use this unless you know what you are doing, see above, Comparison engine(s) to use. Refer to the documentation on type-conversion to make sure you can unpack data returned from Karate correctly, especially when dealing with XML. please replace RELEASE with the exact version of Karate you intend to use if applicable. Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. The Cucumber JSON format can be also emitted, which gives you plenty of options for generating pretty reports using third-party maven plugins. function(s) { For details of scope and visibility of variables, see Script Structure. When I switch environments (passing in -Dkarate.env=qual as part of the run command) then baseUrl is set correctly. In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' The above code reads a template which is in location com/example/templates/idm/idm-create-user-template.json and stores it as a JSON variable called myReq Then we can send the JSON variable to the other feature file using the call method. Provides supports for the Data Driver Testing that is built in-house, hence no need to depend on external frameworks. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. Give a name to the feature file. In rare cases you may need to set a variable from this routine, and a good example is to make the generated UUID visible to the currently executing script or feature. So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. And any variables which are alive in the context can be used in this expression. All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. This is rarely used, unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server. Alternatively, if using Gradle then add the following sourceSets definition. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. For suppressing sensitive information such as secrets and passwords from the log and reports, see Log Masking and Report Verbosity. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! For convenience, some stats are logged to the console when execution completes, which should look something like this: The parallel runner will always run Feature-s in parallel. Since templates can be loaded using the classpath: prefix, you can even re-use templates across your projects via Java JAR files. "b": 2, this is what most teams do. How to run a specific feature file in karate? - Technical-QA.com You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. "c": 3 See also match header which is what you would normally need. So you can use Karate to set-up data via API calls, then run the UI test-automation, and finally again use Karate to assert that the system-state is as expected. { id: 23, name: 'Bob' }, To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. hero(name: "") { # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! You can even remove JSON array elements by index. This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. Change the name of the job to "Unit tests" and type the following command: mvn test. In some cases where the response JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to only check for the existence of some keys. Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. All tests are defined in *.feature files; For every feature file package, you need to have an empty test-class in the same package under src/test/java; Karate recommends to keep the *.feature files in the same folder as the test-class; The <build> section of the pom.xml needs a small tweak for this .. (Similar change needed in build.gradle file) And in case we have multiple Gatling simulation files and we want to choose only one to run, we may use the following command. For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. { The following table summarizes some key differences between Cucumber and Karate. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. The business of web-services testing requires access to low-level aspects such as HTTP headers, URL-paths, query-parameters, complex JSON or XML payloads and response-codes. In rare cases, e.g. None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. You can find more details here. mvn clean test-compile gatling:test -Dgatling.simulationClass=Performance.GatlingTest Gatling script with Karate feature file. time: '#? You can skip this section and jump straight to the Syntax Guide if you are in a hurry to get started with Karate. for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). When JavaScript executes in Karate, the built-in karate object provides some commonly used utility functions. }, Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. The above example does not use shared scope, which means that the variables in the calling (parent) feature are not shared by the called my-signin.feature. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). ZenWave Karate IDE - Visual Studio Marketplace """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? Url encoding is required to differentiate between special characters in your data vs special characters that are reserved to construct the URL. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. Try this especially if you dont have much experience with programming or test-automation. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. Karate Demo | Karate The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). The feature is invoked for each item in the array. Provides supports for the Data Driver Testing that is built in-house, hence no need to depend on external frameworks. If you want to dynamically and programmatically determine the tags and features to be included - the API also accepts. } These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. A single data file can be used by multiple test cases. You usually wont need this, but the second-last line above shows how the karate object can be used to evaluate JsonPath if the filter expression depends on a variable. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. In such cases, the function can do nothing or return an empty JSON. Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. The name of the class doesn't matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. This is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and this has been an open issue for a long time. Passing data from one feature file to another is very common requirement when it comes to automation. A Java API also exists for those who prefer to programmatically integrate Karates rich automation and data-assertion capabilities. Wood shutters will run you $200 to $350 per . Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. Linux: Ctrl+Shift+R+1. This is very close to how custom keywords work in other frameworks. Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. Why did Ukraine abstain from the UNHRC vote on China? Testing a Java Spring Boot REST API with Karate - Semaphore name: 'Billie', For placeholder-substitution, the replace keyword can be used instead, but with the advantage that the text can be read from a file or dynamically created. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. One pattern you can adopt is to create a factory method that returns a Java function - where you can easily delegate to the logic you want. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. Run Cucumber Test from Maven Command Line - QA Automation Expert If a handler function (returning a boolean) is provided - it will be used to complete the listen wait if true is returned. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! The special tag @report=false can be used, and it can even be used only for a single Scenario: In cases where you want to mask values which are sensitive from a security point of view from the output files, logs and HTML reports, you can implement the HttpLogModifier and tell Karate to use it via the configure keyword. Paste the raw json in it and Save it. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). karate | Multiple Scenarios in a single feature - YouTube You can easily select (double-click), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar. Note that for. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. One extra convenience for JSON is that if the variable itself (which was cat in the above example) does not exist, it will be created automatically. Other options are the quickstart or the standalone executable. Note that even the scenario name can accept placeholders - which is very useful in reports. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. However, unlike Cucumber, tests arent written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. Karate does not attempt to have tests be in natural language like how Cucumber tests are traditionally expected to be. Background: We use it for defining variables that will be used in the particular .feature file and will be used by all the requests in the feature file. Valid options are, Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports (e.g. Like above, but force the SSL algorithm to one of, Whether the HTTP client automatically follows redirects - (default, Set the connect timeout (milliseconds). # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. Getting Started With Karate Test Framework for API - Software That Matters """, """ For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. A very rare need is to be able to convert a string which happens to be in YAML form into JSON, and this can be done via the yaml type cast keyword. 7 How to pass data from one feature file to another in karate? For convenience, a null value will be ignored. Imperialism - Wikipedia For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. Observe how the get shortcut is used to distill the result array of variable envelopes into an array consisting only of response payloads. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ Karate Framework for API Testing | Learn Automation Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. countryName: '#string', And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. """, # normal 'equality' match. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. } But since you can express a list of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used in match statements. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. A few more useful transforms are to select a sub-set of key-value pairs using karate.filterKeys(), merging 2 or more JSON-s using karate.merge() and combining 2 or more arrays (or objects) into a single array using karate.append(). Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. Mac: Cmd+R+1. Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. So when you use the combination of callonce in a Background, you can indeed get the same effect as using a @BeforeClass annotation, and you can find examples in the karate-demo, such as this one: callonce.feature. It is best explained via examples. And yes, relative paths will work. The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. Response Validation a. status 200 : It will check the status code coming back from the service is 200 b. print Response is: , response : This line of code will print the response from the service in the console. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! How to run feature files in parallel-using Karate test automation And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. *.feature files and JavaScript functions. A good example of the use of form field for a typical sign-in flow is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature. Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Calling any Java code is that easy. But there is an elegant way you can specify a default value using the karate.get() API: A word of caution: we recommend that you should not over-use Karates capability of being able to re-use features. Refer to JsonPath short-cuts for a detailed explanation. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. Karate will also run Scenario-s in parallel by default. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. leagueName: '##string', Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. some.feature:42 so it will invoke only the Scenario or outline Example on line 42 - this is designed only for IDE-s and developer mode, use a tag for maintainability. var squares = []; Karate Gatling | Karate path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. My karate config file is calling a feature file which in turn is calling a JAVA file to get the user name of machine to set some conditions. odds: '#[] oddSchema' The example below shows the difference between embedded expressions and enclosed JavaScript: So how would you choose between the two approaches to create JSON ? This is a core feature and does not depend on JUnit, Maven or Gradle. It is actually a transpose of the table approach, and can be very convenient when there are a large number of keys per row or if the nesting is complex. Now, lets continue with the variables in Karate. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. some.feature:42 so it will invoke only the Scenario or outline Example on line 42 - this is designed only for IDE-s and developer mode, use a . With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. This mechanism works by calling configure cookies behind the scenes and if you need to stop auto-adding cookies for future requests, just do this: Also refer to the built-in variable responseCookies for how you can access and perform assertions on cookie data values. Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. If you are a Java developer - Karate requires at least Java 8 and then either Maven, Gradle, Eclipse or IntelliJ to be installed. 1234 } Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } For those who use Gradle, this sample build.gradle provides a gatlingRun task that executes the Gatling test of the karate-netty project . Observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes things super-readable. They should be at the end of the karate.options. Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. The match keyword will work as you expect. KarateIDE is: A Test Runner/Debugger and REST Client that uses KarateDSL to explore your API, import/export from cURL and generate tests/mocks from OpenAPI. If you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the options for IDE support and the official IntelliJ plugin is recommended. For some more examples check test-outline-name-js.feature. They use JSON to build the relevant parts of the HTTP request. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. 2 You can replace the values of com.mycompany and myproject as per your needs. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. Does ZnSO4 + H2 at high pressure reverses to Zn + H2SO4? For example, you can: For an advanced example of how you can build and re-use a common set of JS functions, refer to this answer on Stack Overflow. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. The classpath is a Java concept and is where some configuration files such as the one for logging are expected to be by default. But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. How can we prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? In fact, this is the mechanism used when karate-config.js is processed on start-up. REST testing based on Karate framework - JazzTeam Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. subType: But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. Mac: Cmd+V. GitHub - sanogotech/hello-karate-springboot: A Getting Started Guide But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode.
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