The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. triangular theory of love. Betty and Tina are in the third grade. Sun Microsystems uses the accrual basis of accounting and recognizes revenue at the time it sells goods or renders services. Group-serving bias (or ultimate attribution error). However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. The principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . C) a win-win solution. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. Blatant biases (also called explicit biases) are conscious beliefs, feelings, and behavior that people are perfectly willing to admit, which express hostility toward other groups (outgroups) while unduly favoring ones own group (in-group). Trellis8. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. D) the effects of exposure to violent pornography. hide 31 types. Employees were reimbursed when they presented petty cash vouchers to the petty cash custodian. This includes interference, displacement, and Stereotypes are the _______ component of a negative attitude towards a group of people. At the time it was written, however, women and minorities (especially enslaved people) were not included in this sentiment. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. With this preferential perspective for ones own group, people are not punishing the other one so much as neglecting it in favor of their own. The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. skepticism. A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. Calls for national unity and patriotism that do not tolerate dissenting voices are an example. a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is. 3. the tendency to favor our own group. Researchers suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement. Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. Altemeyer, B. A) lack of critical thinking due to a strong desire for social harmony within a group. The non-rival out-group acts as a reference . High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. Basically, rumination . Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene. Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Es gratis registrarse y presentar tus propuestas laborales. A) Having a limited, narrow, or self-centered perspective. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. swissworld: saisons Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. Historical examples abound. tendency: 1 n an inclination to do something Synonyms: leaning , propensity Type of: inclination that toward which you are inclined to feel a liking n an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others "a tendency to be too strict" Synonyms: disposition , inclination Types: show 31 types. For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. Make a truth table for the below given statement. This way of perceiving and making . RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). This best illustrates. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . "Oh, no, never," the woman said. She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. Aggression (Extremes). For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if, He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team, After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . This best illustrates: The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. d. sensory cortex. Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. It pays the utility bill during July. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. (Blame the Victim). e. Essentialism. Whenever this person encounters a person that is both left-handed and creative, they place greater . Discrimination is a behavior bias against a person (or group) based on stereotyped beliefs about that group. Logic suggests, then, that because we like ourselves, we also like the groups in which we are members. Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. b. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. Take the IAT. Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Consequently, because of the absence of genuine feedback, Yosef is not able to progress like other trainees. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . C) selective perception. Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). Influence (conforming) resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: They believe they have good values, rational thoughts, and strengths. Tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups. ethnocentric. Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. It's awful what the human race can do, even with the way we . Do you know more people from different kinds of social groups than your parents did? "Oh, very good," Judge Matsumoto . Was the White person right to avoid the situation so that neither person would feel uncomfortable? This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Ingroup bias, or ingroup favoritism, is a bias in which people tend to favor people who exist in similar groups as them. We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. Early. d. the fundamental attribution error. c. romantic love Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. They are excited on the morning of the competition because they both believe that their team is going to win since they are the better team. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. 0 . a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. One explanation is that historical biases were widespread and institutionalized. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. Her explanation for the accident provides and example of. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action, a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members, Uspeople with whom we share a common identity, Themthose perceived as different or apart from our ingroup, the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame, the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own group o. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. What term best describes Elena's behavior? Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). The firm does the following: b. D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. (1998). Prejudice. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.
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