"[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. [66] The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. There are two distinct but related societies. [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. [74][75] There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. [47] On the founding of Obutong, Colonial anthropologist M.D.W. The Ekpe society requires that its initiates sponsor feasts for the town, which foster the appearance of the redistribution of wealth by providing the poor with food and drink. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. Archaeological evidence found that the group was extremely advanced in education for its time, and headed the construction of the Valley of the Kings. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. And it's a symbol in both. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. Efik traders could speak, write and read the English language. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. The destruction of Obutong occurred in 1854. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. [78] Raffia palm clothing (Efik: f Ndam) could also be exported from other communities especially when a community made the best raffia clothing. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced. [59] According to Rev. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. The version of Sunjata we have read is not the only version because: No version was ever written down by a skilled jeli, since Mande traditional society considers any story written down to be "dead". [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. (1985). Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. In Ekpe, he is a product of a dynasty of more than five Generations of Ekpe Sisikus, also known as Nfor Ngbe or Ekpe Chiefs. The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. Ekpe means leopard, not lion. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. The nsibidi may convey meaning either singularly or in groups, and each sign may be figurative, geometric, or abstract, or may represent a physical object, concept, or narrative. [40] Updates? [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. Write the meaning in the blank. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. Ekpe society was the first tribe to come up with this design and archaeologists have found traces of this fabric even in southwestern Cameroon. Photo by Eli Bentor. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. . [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. AHR ~ 125 Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. [32] At night when everyone had gone to sleep, the men from Uruan rose up and began to slaughter their hosts. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. An entire topic will be dedicated to discussing the Ekpe society and its legacy in the near future. Posted on March 01, 2015 [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. [5] For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). Oral tradition holds that a type of clothing known as "Itu ita" was the earliest fabric imported into Old Calabar. The Neegee or Crocodile Society is considered evil by the Poro and Sande groups. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . Hope all is well. [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. This is evident in a testimony by Isaac Parker, a ship-keeper who lived at Duke town in 1765 for 5 months. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Cow meat was also consumed but the Efik native cow was rarely eaten or milked by the Efik. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos.
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