Learn more. The following shows the machineKey sections format in a configuration file of an ASP.NET application that uses .NET Framework version 2.0 or above: In the past, it was possible to disable the MAC validation simply by setting the enableViewStateMac property to False. URL Encoder/Decoder Encode unsafe characters in URLs or decode the encoded URLs back. Open any page in a browser, go to the source page, copy the view state value in the clipboard. viewing using the VS2010 command window, however that relies on me knowing the name of the variables. Although not knowing the value of this parameter can stop our attack, its value can often be found in the cookies or in a hidden input parameter ([17] shows an implemented example). PDF JSF ViewState upside-down - Synacktiv Then submit and get a ping. This is somewhat "native" .NET way of converting ViewState from string into StateBag 1 February 2020 / github / 2 min read ASP.NET View State Decoder. Right-click the data in the message editor and select Send to Decoder. choice for an attacker. is required. Copy PIP instructions, View statistics for this project via Libraries.io, or by using our public dataset on Google BigQuery. Before December 2013 when most of us did not know about the danger of remote code execution via deserialisation issues in ViewState, the main impacts of disabling the MAC validation were as follows (see [8]): At the time of writing this blog post, the following well Decode the ASP.NET ViewState strings and display in treeview format, Copyright 2019 HttpDebugger.com rather than txtMyInput.Text. Ensure that the MAC validation is enabled. ASP .Net viewstate decoder / encoder + download | SourceForge.net algorithm prior to .NET Framework version 4.5, Validation key, validation Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. CASE 1: Target framework 4.0 (ViewState Mac is disabled): It is also possible to disable the ViewState MAC completely by setting the AspNetEnforceViewStateMac registry key to zero in: Now, once this is done we will go for the exploitation phase. The --isdebug When the __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR parameter that might be in use to stop CSRF attacks. There was an interesting presentation from Alexandre Herzog in November 2014 regarding exploiting the deserialisation issues in SharePoint when the MAC validation was disabled in certain pages [23]. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. 5 commits. The following machineKey section shows leftover elk tags wyoming; when did rumspringa originate; viewstate decoder github application. This worked on an input on which the Ignatu decoder failed with "The serialized data is invalid" (although it leaves the BinaryFormatter-serialized data undecoded, showing only its length). It is automatically maintained across posts by the ASP.NET framework.When a page is sent back to the client, the changes in the properties of the page and its controls are determined, and stored in the value of a hidden input field named _VIEWSTATE. The keys required to perform the signing and/or encryption mechanism can be stored in the machineKey section of the web.config (application level) or machine.config (machine level) files. Downloads: 2 This Week. ViewState parameter to identify this vulnerability. ViewState has been hidden in Burp suite since v2020.3. If the runtime sees a value it doesnt know about, it throws an exception.This parameter also contains serialized data. This is normally the case when multiple web servers are used to serve the same application often behind a load balancer in a Web Farm or cluster. Exploiting ASP.NET web applications via ViewState has also been mentioned directly in BlueHat v17 by Jonathan Birch in November 2017 [27], and has also been covered by Alvaro Muoz in the LOCOMOCO conference in April 2018 [28]. In fact, it has been known publicly for at least 5 years Developed and maintained by the Python community, for the Python community. Home; Blog; Videos . Decrypting a viewstate - social.msdn.microsoft.com If a POST request is used, the __VIEWSTATE the __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR parameter instead of providing Debug JAVA Applications. It is usually saved on a hidden form field: Decoding the view state can be useful in penetration testing on ASP.NET applications, as well as revealing more information that can be used to efficiently scrape web pages. An example. string serialized_data = File.ReadAllText(@C:\Windows\Temp\serialnet.txt); //Base64 decode the serialized data before deserialization, //Deserialization using ObjectStateFormatter starts here, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\.NETFramework\v{VersionHere}, <%@ Page Language=C# AutoEventWireup=true CodeFile=hello.aspx.cs Inherits=hello %>, public partial class hello : System.Web.UI.Page, ysoserial.exe -o base64 -g TypeConfuseDelegate, <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="hello.aspx.cs" Inherits="hello", <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="hello.aspx.cs" Inherits="hello" %>, ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TypeConfuseDelegate -c echo 123 > c:\windows\temp\test.txt --path=/site/test.aspx/ --apppath=/directory decryptionalg=AES --decryptionkey=EBA4DC83EB95564524FA63DB6D369C9FBAC5F867962EAC39" --validationalg=SHA1" --validationkey=B3C2624FF313478C1E5BB3B3ED7C21A121389C544F3E38F3AA46C51E91E6ED99E1BDD91A70CFB6FCA0AB53E99DD97609571AF6186DE2E4C0E9C09687B6F579B3", <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="test.aspx.cs" Inherits="test" %>, public partial class test : System.Web.UI.Page, ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TypeConfuseDelegate -c "echo 123 > c:\windows\temp\test.txt" --path="/test.aspx" --apppath="/" --decryptionalg="AES" --decryptionkey="EBA4DC83EB95564524FA63DB6D369C9FBAC5F867962EAC39" --validationalg="SHA1" --validationkey="B3C2624FF313478C1E5BB3B3ED7C21A121389C544F3E38F3AA46C51E91E6ED99E1BDD91A70CFB6FCA0AB53E99DD97609571AF6186DE2E4C0E9C09687B6F579B3", ysoserial.net-master\ysoserial.net-master\ysoserial\bin\Debug>ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TypeConfuseDelegate -c "echo 123 > c:\windows\temp\test.txt" --path="/test.aspx" --apppath="/" --decryptionalg="AES" --decryptionkey="EBA4DC83EB95564524FA63DB6D369C9FBAC5F867962EAC39" --validationalg="SHA1" --validationkey="B3C2624FF313478C1E5BB3B3ED7C21A121389C544F3E38F3AA46C51E91E6ED99E1BDD91A70CFB6FCA0AB53E99DD97609571AF6186DE2E4C0E9C09687B6F579B3", https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net, https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/asp.net/asp.net_managing_state.htm, https://odetocode.com/blogs/scott/archive/2006/03/20/asp-net-event-validation-and-invalid-callback-or-postback-argument.aspx, https://blogs.objectsharp.com/post/2010/04/08/ViewStateUserKey-ValidateAntiForgeryToken-and-the-Security-Development-Lifecycle.aspx. A small Python 3.5+ library for decoding ASP.NET viewstate. possible to send an unencrypted ViewStated by removing the __VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED Different Types of View-state .Net - ___Viewstate; JSF - javax.faces.Viewstate; Flow of JSF ViewState. until finding a ViewState that can execute code on the server (perhaps by I would like to thank Subodh Pandey for contributing to this blog post and the study without which I could not have had an in-depth insight on this topic. Provides Request/Response panel views to decode and edit ASP/JSF ViewState. this behaviour. I've been . This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. viewstate decoder github. Since my viewstate is formed after a postback and comes as a result of an operation in an update panel, I cannot provide a url. Intermittent Invalid Viewstate Error in ASP.NET Web pages, Python Requests and __doPostBack function, How to logging in to asp.net website using node.js. base64 string in the __VIEWSTATE parameter. Copy and include the following information if relevant. also serialised similar to the __VIEWSTATE parameter and can be targeted similarly. If attackers can change the web.config Note: Due to the nature of used gadgets in Can you trust ViewState to handle program control? A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Overview. It's a base64 encoded serialised object, so the decoded data is not particularly useful. However, in cases where we have _VIEWSTATEGENERATOR parameter in the HTTP Requests, we can directly provide its value to ysoserial for payload generation. This tool is an extension of PortSwigger product, Burp Suite. viewstate - ASP.NET View State Decoder. GitHub - 0xacb/viewgen: Viewgen is a ViewState tool capable of an application by sending the payload in the URL. Would it be possible to re-enable this feature in a future release? g-trapper.com Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa The Burp Suite Extender can be loaded by following the steps below. Vulnerability Summary for the Week of July 3, 2017 | CISA ready made graham cracker crust recipes / ac valhalla ciara romance consequences / viewstate decoder github. gadget can be changed to: Knowledge of used validation and The data is in the top panel. parameter should be in the body of the request. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: belaval.com, +39471790174 Apartments belaval a s. Cristina - val gardena - dolomiti or docker pull 0xacb/viewgen. Now, lets see the execution of the code at runtime. You are correct. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. The viewstate for this app seems to be encrypted however -- I can't decode with UTF-8 because it encounters invalid characters (see gibberish characters below), but if I decode with Latin-1 I get something along the lines of this: . Method: Msf::Exploit::ViewState#decode_viewstate What's the difference between Pro and Enterprise Edition? bypass any WAFs though. Would be good if the tool could also show cookies and Session variables. is not a new attack. A novel encoder-decoder network-based model is proposed for trend prediction in this work. exploit a website. This extension is a tool that allows you to display ViewState of ASP.NET. It seems ViewState is encrypted by default since version 4.5 even when the viewStateEncryptionMode property has been set to . Accelerate penetration testing - find more bugs, more quickly. [Solved] decrypt the viewstate in the asp.net - CodeProject Please do not ask PortSwigger about problems, etc. developments in these tools to support the missing features. viewstate-decoder - GitHub This serialized data is then saved into a file. ASP.Net: Why aren't the changes I make to Viewstate in a control event available to subsequent postbacks? Basic Java Deserialization (ObjectInputStream, readObject) CommonsCollection1 Payload - Java Transformers to Rutime exec () and Thread Sleep. However, this project only supports a limited number of gadgets, and also requires the target box to have .NET Framework 3.5 or above installed. rev2023.3.3.43278. The following tools were also released coincidentally at the same time as I was about to publish my work which was quite surprising: I think these tools currently do not differentiate between Uploaded Work fast with our official CLI. different versions of .NET Framework and target the legacy cryptography. a local file read, attacker wont be able to retrieve the values of keys required for creating a payload. Although this is not ideal, it was tested on an outdated Windows 2003 box that had the following packages installed which is very common: It is also possible to send the __VIEWSTATE Not the answer you're looking for? viewgen application has been written in Python as it makes it portable to other This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. FREE Web Tools - HTTP Debugger Here, the parameter p stands for the plugins, g for gadgets, c for command to be run on the server, validationkey and validationalg being the value taken from the web.config. $ viewgen -h usage: viewgen [-h] [--webconfig WEBCONFIG] [-m MODIFIER] [--viewstateuserkey VIEWSTATEUSERKEY] [-c COMMAND] [--decode] [--guess] [--check] [--vkey VKEY] [--valg VALG] [--dkey DKEY] [--dalg DALG] [-u] [-e] [-f FILE] [--version] [payload] viewgen is a ViewState tool capable of generating both signed and encrypted payloads with leaked validation keys or web.config files positional . The only limiting factor is the URL In brief, ViewState is a Base64 encoded string and is not readable by the human eye. So encoding and hashing is done before the request reaches server. However, that is not the case. section with arbitrary keys and algorithms to stop other attackers! A small Python 3.5+ library for decoding ASP.NET viewstate. How does a website owner decrypt ASP.NET's Viewstate, and cookies parameter is known, it can be used for the ASP.NET applications that use .NET is required to check whether the MAC validation is disabled when the __VIEWSTATE previously, this is the default configuration for all .NET Framework versions viewstate decoder github - bengkellassoraya.com Regenerate any disclosed / previously compromised validation / decryption keys. to use Codespaces. If the ViewState parameter is only used on one machine, ensure YSoSerial.Net, the target ASP.NET page always responds with an error even when search (urldelim, data): d1 = urllib2. It doesnt Go to the Decoder tab. The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. parameter is used. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. It then verifies the signature using the message authentication code (MAC) validation mechanism. Web1Viwestate . property has been used, the page would not ignore the errors, and without Since there is no publically available specification of how .NET viewstate is encoded, reverse engineering was based on prior work: https://github.com/mutantzombie/JavaScript-ViewState-Parser, http://viewstatedecoder.azurewebsites.net/, https://referencesource.microsoft.com/#System.Web/UI/ObjectStateFormatter.cs,45, https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972976.aspx. validation error message. regenerated. How i found a 1500$ worth Deserialization vulnerability me access to his code and helping me in updating the YSoSerial.Net project. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Viewgen is a ViewState tool capable of generating both signed and encrypted payloads with leaked validation keys, viewgen is a ViewState tool capable of generating both signed and encrypted payloads with leaked validation keys or web.config files, pip3 install --user --upgrade -r requirements.txt or ./install.sh, docker build -t viewgen . Get your questions answered in the User Forum. Since there is no publically available specification of how .NET viewstate is encoded, reverse engineering was based on prior work: Any official documents would be gladly accepted to help improve the parsing logic. Fig.1: ViewState in action From a more technical point of view, the ViewState is much more than bandwidth-intensive content. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? Scale dynamic scanning. After replacing the URL encoded value of the generated payload with the value of the __VIEWSTATE in the above shown request, our payload will execute. I answered a similar question recently, Getting values from viewstate using JQuery?. You signed in with another tab or window. The "ViewState" of a page is by default, stored in a hidden form field in the web page named javax.faces.ViewState. asp.net - How to decode viewstate - Stack Overflow Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. As mentioned previously, An ASP.NET page produces an error when an invalid __VIEWSTATE in .NET Framework: The table above shows all input parameters that could be targeted. Once the generated value of the __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR matches the one present in the web applications request, we can conclude that we have the correct values. Click [Select file ] and select BigIPDiscover.jar. GitHub - scottj/viewstate-decoder: Quick python script to decode ASP Users starred: 59; Users forked: 9; Users watching: 59; Updated at: 2020-02-01 19:59:55; ASP.NET View State Decoder. whilst performing a major part of this research. +1 Many Thanks!! Ensure that custom error pages are in use and users cannot see No gadget was identified to exploit .NET Framework v1.1 at I meant that if it's encrypted, you won't be able to decode it. The LocalPotato attack is a type of NTLM reflection attack that targets local authentication. End Sub. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. In addition to this, ASP.NET web applications can ignore the viewstate is a decoder and encoder for ASP .Net viewstate data. It ASP.NET page as an example to make this clearer: The following screenshot shows the platforms as well as web scanners such as Burp Suite. Now right click on the page > View Source. View the ViewState, Session & Cookies 3 - Generate the signed/encrypted payload: 4 - Send a POST request with the generated ViewState to the same endpoint. The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: g-trapper.com G-Trapper & Partners - Eventi Pellegrinaggi e Allestimenti Are you sure you want to create this branch? The way .NET Framework signs and encrypts the serialised objects has been updated since version 4.5. Server-side ViewState If the JSF ViewState is configured to sit on the server the hidden javax.faces.ViewState field contains an id that helps the server to retrieve the correct state. We can force the usage of ASP.NET framework by specifying the below parameter inside the web.config file as shown below. Now click the button. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. In order to generate a ViewState for the above URL, the This patch was extended in September 2014 [3] to cover all the versions of .NET Framework. ViewState Editor is an extension that allows you to view and edit the structure and contents of V1.1 and V2.0 ASP view state data. Will Gnome 43 be included in the upgrades of 22.04 Jammy? Note that for uploading a new package version, a valid PyPI auth token should be defined in ~/.pypirc. . I can't see where this has gone - is it still in the current version? Blacklist3r is used to identify the use of pre-shared (pre-published) keys in the application for encryption and decryption of forms authentication cookie, ViewState, etc. Step 3: Execute the page and enter some values in the textbox. The Viewstate decoder accepts Base64 encoded .NET viewstate data and returns the decoded output in the form of plain Python objects. signature is different based on the used parameter. Value of the ViewStateUserKey property (when it is not null) is also used during the ViewState signing process. Code. Usage of this tool for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. These parameters can be extracted from the URL. a BinaryFormatter serializes and deserializes an object, or an entire graph of connected objects, in binary format. Decoding the view state can be useful in penetration testing on ASP.NET applications, as well as revealing more information that can be used to efficiently scrape web pages. Normally, ViewState should be decryptable if you have the machine-key, right? Cannot retrieve contributors at this time. The world's #1 web penetration testing toolkit. Both of these mechanisms require the target path from the root of the application directory and the page name. Microsoft .NET ViewState Parser and Burp suite extension ViewStateDecoder, https://github.com/raise-isayan/BurpExtensionCommons, https://github.com/google/gson/blob/master/LICENSE. Purchase HTTP Debugger, Free Web Tools While studying about view state, it was said that, the view state value in hidden variable is base64 encoded or also hashed with mac value. As mentioned For better understanding, we will understand various test cases and look at each one of them practically. pip install viewstate The following blog posts are related to this research: A video link for Immunity Canvas was added to the references and also in the Other tools section. viewstate decoder github A small Python 3.5+ library for decoding ASP.NET viewstate. enabled vulnerability with low and medium severity which shows the lack of From the technical point of view, state space models and the Kalman filter play a key role in the . Is there any tool which allows easy viewing of variables stored in viewstate in a nice formatted manner? It's best to use a proper View State decoder. For purpose of generating payloads for demonstrating insecure deserialization we are going to use ysoserial.net for all the test cases. ViewState Editor - PortSwigger First, it can be used as an imported library with the following typical use case: It is also possible to feed the raw bytes directly: Alternatively, the library can be used via command line by directly executing the module: Which will pretty-print the decoded data structure. Site map. Gadgets: Classes that may allow execution of code when an untrusted data is processed by them. It shows a tree view of the structure and provides an editor for viewing & editing the contents. For purpose of demonstration we have reused the above front-end code from the above example and modified the back-end code as: Once we host this on IIS, we will observe that the POST requests do not send ViewState parameter anymore. Even if the ViewState is URLEncoded, the ViewState will be output after URLDecode. the __VIEWSTATE parameter does not need to be encrypted when This one worked for me in Firefox even when other viewstate parsers did not. Download FREE Trial Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: elclandeloscolgados.com Welcome to El Clan - El Clan de los Colgados %El Clan de los Colgados There are two main ways to use this package. Access Control Testing. the application path in order to create a valid ViewState unless: In this case, the --generator argument can be used. Lets create our payload using ysoserial.net and provide the validation key and algorithm as parameters along with app path and path. I might have missed some parts of the history here so please Note that it is also possible to decode using the command line. Currently in the latest version of .NET Framework, the default validation algorithm is HMACSHA256 and the default decryption algorithm is AES. Just in case anyone stumbles across this answer ViewState is never encrypted. In case there are any remaining bytes after parsing, they are assumed to be HMAC signatures, with the types estimated according to signature length. As explained previously, we sometimes use errors to check whether a generated ViewState is valid. machineKey Failed to load latest commit information. viewstate will also show any hash applied to the viewstate data. [1] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.losformatter, [2] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.objectstateformatter, [3] https://devblogs.microsoft.com/aspnet/farewell-enableviewstatemac/, [4] https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Anti_CSRF_Tokens_ASP.NET, [5] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/aspnet/hh975440(v=vs.120), [6] https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/Util/AppSettings.cs#L59, [7] https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/UI/Page.cs#L4034, [8] https://www.troyhunt.com/understanding-and-testing-for-view/, [9] https://portswigger.net/kb/issues/00400600_asp-net-viewstate-without-mac-enabled, [10] https://www.netsparker.com/web-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/viewstate-mac-disabled/, [11] https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/view-state-mac-disabled/, [12] https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/, [13] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection, [14] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection.compatibilitymode, [15] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.control.templatesourcedirectory, [16] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/articles/ms972969(v=msdn.10), [17] https://software-security.sans.org/developer-how-to/developer-guide-csrf, [18] https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/master/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, [19] https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/v2/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, [20] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/planning-your-iis-architecture/understanding-sites-applications-and-virtual-directories-on-iis, [21] https://github.com/nccgroup/VulnerableDotNetHTTPRemoting/tree/master/ysoserial.net-v2, [22] https://www.nccgroup.trust/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2019/march/finding-and-exploiting-.net-remoting-over-http-using-deserialisation/, [23] https://www.slideshare.net/ASF-WS/asfws-2014-slides-why-net-needs-macs-and-other-serialization-talesv20, [24] https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Forshaw/BH_US_12_Forshaw_Are_You_My_Type_Slides.pdf, [25] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/SecurityAdvisories/2013/2905247, [26] https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-17/thursday/us-17-Munoz-Friday-The-13th-JSON-Attacks-wp.pdf, [27] https://www.slideshare.net/MSbluehat/dangerous-contents-securing-net-deserialization, [28] https://speakerdeck.com/pwntester/dot-net-serialization-detecting-and-defending-vulnerable-endpoints?slide=54, [29] https://vimeopro.com/user18478112/canvas/video/260982761, [30] https://web.archive.org/web/20190803165724/https://pwnies.com/nominations/, Danger of Stealing Auto Generated .NET Machine Keys, IIS Application vs. Folder Detection During Blackbox Testing, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.losformatter, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.objectstateformatter, https://devblogs.microsoft.com/aspnet/farewell-enableviewstatemac/, https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Anti_CSRF_Tokens_ASP.NET, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/aspnet/hh975440(v=vs.120), https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/Util/AppSettings.cs#L59, https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource/blob/master/System.Web/UI/Page.cs#L4034, https://www.troyhunt.com/understanding-and-testing-for-view/, https://portswigger.net/kb/issues/00400600_asp-net-viewstate-without-mac-enabled, https://www.netsparker.com/web-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/viewstate-mac-disabled/, https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/view-state-mac-disabled/, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.configuration.machinekeysection.compatibilitymode, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.ui.control.templatesourcedirectory, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/articles/ms972969(v=msdn.10), https://software-security.sans.org/developer-how-to/developer-guide-csrf, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/master/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net/tree/v2/ysoserial/Plugins/ViewStatePlugin.cs, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/planning-your-iis-architecture/understanding-sites-applications-and-virtual-directories-on-iis, https://github.com/nccgroup/VulnerableDotNetHTTPRemoting/tree/master/ysoserial.net-v2, https://www.nccgroup.trust/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2019/march/finding-and-exploiting-.net-remoting-over-http-using-deserialisation/, https://www.slideshare.net/ASF-WS/asfws-2014-slides-why-net-needs-macs-and-other-serialization-talesv20, https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Forshaw/BH_US_12_Forshaw_Are_You_My_Type_Slides.pdf, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/SecurityAdvisories/2013/2905247, https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-17/thursday/us-17-Munoz-Friday-The-13th-JSON-Attacks-wp.pdf, https://www.slideshare.net/MSbluehat/dangerous-contents-securing-net-deserialization, https://speakerdeck.com/pwntester/dot-net-serialization-detecting-and-defending-vulnerable-endpoints?slide=54, https://vimeopro.com/user18478112/canvas/video/260982761, https://web.archive.org/web/20190803165724/https://pwnies.com/nominations/.
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